.5em
Figure 9: Single stage binary de Bruijn diagram.
A one stage de Bruijn diagram connects every node with every other
node, making a full diagram with k nodes and 
links. Its
topological matrix is filled with 1's; a binary example is shown in
Figure 9.
The minimal equation satisfied by the binary matrix, 
,
is a special case of the general equation 
. Here
and subsequently U is a matrix all of whose elements are ones, just
as I will stand for the unit matrix.